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The Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation is a Native American group based in southeastern Connecticut, descended from the historic Pequot tribe who dominated southeastern New England. It is one of five tribes recognized by the state of Connecticut. In 2002 the Secretary of the Interior granted recognition to the Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation (EPTN) after approving a union between the Eastern Pequot and Paucatuck Eastern Pequot, who had submitted separate petitions for recognition. It said their documentation showed through genealogy and history they had been one tribe, and only recently were divided over a dispute. The tribes agreed. In 2005, after a civil suit and internal review, with a background of strong lobbying against federal recognition by the Connecticut state government, Congressional delegation, and certain anti-gaming interests, and a change in the presidential administration, the Bureau of Indian Affairs revoked the recognition. That year, it had earlier revoked recognition from the Schaghticoke Tribal Nation, which it had approved in 2004. These were the first times since the 1970s that the BIA had terminated recognition of any tribes. In 2012, the ETPN filed a federal lawsuit seeking to overturn BIA's revocation. ==History== All Pequots are descended from the tribe that was the dominant power in southeastern New England in the 1600s. Following the Pequot War in 1637, in which hundreds were killed by the English and their Indian allies, many surviving Pequots were assigned to the supervision of tribes who had been English allies: the Mohegan in the west and Narragansett in the eastern part of the region.〔(Sam Libby, "Pequot Tribe Seeks Recognition" ), ''New York Times'', 20 December 1998, accessed 21 March 2013〕 These tribes also spoke branches of the Algonquian languages. As the Bureau of Indian Affairs said in 2002, "Those Pequots whom the colonial government removed from the supervision of the Eastern Niantic sachem Ninigret in 1654 were subsequently governed by two Indian rulers: Harmon Garrett and Momoho. The Colony of Connecticut purchased the Lantern Hill land for Momoho's Pequots in 1683. Since then there has been an unbroken history of state recognition and a reservation for this tribe."〔(DAVID M. HERSZENHORN, "Two Feuding Indian Tribes Are Recognized, but as One" ), 25 June 2002, accessed 21 March 2013〕 The Eastern Pequot are descended from Pequots who escaped from the Narragansett and returned to their traditional territory, joining free members. In 1683, they were given a reservation on Lantern Hill in North Stonington by the colonial government. Today it is approximately 224 acres. Those who returned from the Mohegan in the west were led by Harmon Garrett. The colony gave them a reserve near Ledyard and they became known as the Western Pequot, or Mashantucket Pequot.〔 Both groups intermarried with members of other ethnic groups through the centuries, but maintained cultural continuity through traditional crafts and practices, most residents living on the reservations, and their matrilineal system of kinship and descent. Children born to Pequot mothers were raised as and considered Pequot. Most descendants are multi-racial, while fully identifying as Pequot. By the 1920s and 1930s, the tribe began to be divided over questions of identity, aggravated by competition for resources and limited space on the Eastern Pequot Reservation.〔 There were racially based conflicts between darker and lighter-skinned descendants among both the Eastern Pequot and the Mashantucket Pequot in this period.〔 Among the Eastern Pequot, a chief in the 1930s challenged the right of dark-skinned descendants of Tamar Brushel, an early 19th-century resident of the reservation, to claim membership. Others said that dark-skinned descendants of Manuel Sebastian, an immigrant from the Azores, should not be allowed membership.〔 Both men had married Pequot women and their descendants were considered tribal members throughout the 19th century, living on the reservation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eastern Pequot Tribal Nation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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